A changing value of Planck’s constant.

In a rescaling universe, a photon of light from a distant star would be emitted at a time when Plancks constant was lower ().

Figure 2.  The redshift of light

By the time it has arrived at earth Plancks constant would be

where t is the time since the emission of the photon. is the rescaling constant (half of Hubbles constant, .
If the energy of the photon is conserved,

Where f is the frequency measured at earth, f0 is the frequency of the photon when emitted from a distant star.  So light becomes redshifted with time.

The redshift of light is from 

and the ratio of the scale factor of the universe, at the time of arrival, to the scale factor at the time of emission of the photon is

as opposed to 1 + z in standard cosmology.

NEXT >